Морфо-функционална и неврохимична характеристика на спиналното ядро на тригеминалния нерв у плъх // Morpho-functional and neurochemical characteristic of the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in rat
Зареждане...
Дата
2024
Автори
Иванов, Андрей Вълков // Ivanov, Andrey Valkov
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ISSN на списанието
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Издател
Медицински университет - София // Medical University - Sofia
Резюме
ЦЕЛ И ЗАДАЧИ
ЦЕЛТА на настоящето изследване e да се установи структурната и цитоархитектониката на спиналното тригеминално ядро у плъх, както и да се разкрие невротрансмитерната/невромодулаторна и невротрофична природа на неговите неврони.
За осъществяването на тази цел си поставихме следните основни ЗАДАЧИ:
1. С помощта на класически хистологични техники да се представи нормалната морфология на спиналното тригеминално ядро у плъх, включително цитоархитектониката на невроните в отделните му подядра.
2. Чрез използването на имунохистохимични техники на светлинномикроскопско ниво да се разкрие невротрансмитерния, невропептиден и невротрофичен профил на невроните в спиналното тригеминално ядро у плъх.
3. На базата на проведените имунохистохимични експерименти да се анализира количествено неврохимичния профил на невроните в отделните подядра и да се направи сравнителен статистически анализ на разпределението на изследваните биоактивни вещества в трите подядра на спиналното тригеминално ядро.
4. Да се даде функционално обяснение на ролята на установените невроактивни вещества в отделните подядра на спиналното тригеминално ядро при плъха.
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SUMMARY
An important part of the brainstem, the spinal trigeminal nucleus, is vital to the intricate processing of sensory data related to the craniofacial region. This nucleus is a complex structure with unique functional and neurochemical properties that is situated cranially to the spinal cord. There are several levels in the brainstem where the spinal trigeminal nucleus is located, starting from the upper levels of the cervical spinal cord and ending in the pons. It has a key location for the integration and transmission of sensory information from the face and head. Typically, the nucleus is separated into the caudal (SpVc), interpolar (SpVi), and oral (SpVo) subnuclei. In the craniofacial area, each subnucleus contributes to complicated sensory processing and is linked to distinct functional characteristics. By methodically analyzing the immunoexpression and differential distribution of important neurotransmitters and neuroactive chemicals in its subnuclei, this study contributes to our knowledge of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. We have found strong evidence for the immunoexpression of serotonin and GABA, with different distribution patterns in each of the three subnuclei. Substance P, neuropeptide Y, and CGRP—three significant neuroactive substances—had their immunoexpression levels well defined as well. In the craniofacial region, these compounds are crucial for both modulating pain and amplifying sensory inputs. The investigation clarified the immunoexpression levels of two enzymes that are essential for neuronal transmission: acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), offering information on their possible functions as well as their distribution. In the spinal trigeminal nucleus, the expression patterns of neurotrophic factors (NGF, BDNF, NT-3, GDNF) and their corresponding receptors (TrkA, TrkB, TrkC, GFRα1) were examined. This clarifies the trophic support processes in this area. The intricate relationship between GABA, serotonin, neuroactive chemicals, enzymes, neurotrophic factors, and receptors demonstrates the spinal trigeminal nucleus's intricate and well-coordinated activity. The spinal trigeminal nucleus is diverse, as evidenced by the different neurochemical profiles found in the three subnuclei. The distinct chemical fingerprints of each subnucleus are probably responsible for their distinct roles and specialized tasks in sensory processing. A more sophisticated knowledge of each structure's unique contributions to craniofacial sensory integration and regulation is made possible by the capacity to neurochemically differentiate between them. In summary, the spinal trigeminal nucleus is revealed to be a neurochemically varied entity in addition to an architecturally complicated area. Understanding the distinct neurochemical profiles seen in each of its subnuclei improves our comprehension of the intricate brain circuits governing craniofacial sensory processes. Future research aiming at determining the specific contribution of each subnucleus to sensory processing in the craniofacial area will build upon this neurochemical variability.
Описание
Ключови думи
анатомия; тригеминален нерв - анатомия; плъхове // anatomy; trigeminal nerve - anatomy and histology; rats